Social medias

Within the year following YouTube's 2005 launch-which one commentator called "the biggest jolt to Internet video"-entertainment industry executives and casting agents were researching video sharing websites. When a video hit big it was not uncommon for its creator to hear from production companies. By June 2006, recognized Hollywood and music industry firms had begun to establish formal business ties with "homegrown" Youtube talent-the first believed to be comedienne blogger Brooke "Brookers" Brodack (through Carson Daly), and later but more notably, singer Justin Bieber (through Usher) and physician-become-political satirist Bassem Youssef. Conversely, old media celebrities moved into the website at the invitation of a Youtube management that witnessed early content creators accruing substantial followings, and perceived audience sizes potentially larger than that attainable by television. In June 2006 Youtube formed its first partnership with a major content provider, NBC, promoting its fall television lineup. In October 2006, Google paid $1. 65 billion to purchase the 67-employee Youtube, seeking a lucrative marketing platform as both audiences and advertisers migrated from television to the Internet. Google made the website more business-driven. starting to overlay banner ads onto videos in August 2007. While the video platform remained available for its pioneering content creators, large production companies began to dominate. Independent artists built grassroots followings numbering in the thousands at very little cost or effort, but mass retail and radio promotion-areas still dominated by record labels-proved problematic. Meanwhile, as early as 2006, Youtube management convinced four major music labels-who initially had been wary of the website because of its large quantity of their copyrighted material-to enter into a partnership with Youtube, convincing them that Youtube could help them make more money by connecting them with growing Internet audiences. In April 2009, Youtube and Vivendi teamed to form the Vevo music video service. Though Youtube invested $875, 000 in its 2011 NextUp tips and training program for promising pioneering YouTubers, the company spent $100 million on its "originals" strategy to get mainstream celebrities to curate channels-hoping to benefit from both the personal fan loyalty cultivated by its pioneering content creators and the expected higher ad rates of the new celebrity channels. Paradoxically, it was the production companies eventually formed by pioneering YouTubers that created about one-third of these new "originals" channels. By 2012, the CMU business editor had characterized Youtube as "a free-to-use... promotional platform for the music labels", and in 2013 the videos of the 2. 5% of artists categorized as "mega", "mainstream" and "mid-sized" received 90. 3% of the relevant views on Youtube and Vevo. In 2014 Youtube announced that it will block videos from labels that do not sign licensing contracts for the website's premium (paid subscription) music streaming service, in effect excluding independent record labels who have refused to sign contracts having terms inferior to those having already been agreed to by all the major labels. Buy likes

Twitter

Twitter also provide social connections among students. It can be used to enhance communication building and critical thinking. Domizi (2013) utilized Twitter in a graduate seminar requiring students to post weekly tweets to extend classroom discussions. Students reportedly used Twitter to connect with content and other students. Additionally, students found it "to be useful professionally and personally". Junco, Heibergert, and Loken (2011) completed a study of 132 students to examine the link between social media and student engagement and social media and grades. They divided the students into two groups, one used Twitter and the other did not. Twitter was used to discuss material, organize study groups, post class announcements, and connect with classmates. Junco and his colleagues (2011) found that the students in the Twitter group had higher GPAs and greater engagement scores than the control group. Gao, Luo, and Zhang (2012) reviewed literature about Twitter published between 2008 and 2011. They concluded that Twitter allowed students to participate with each other in class (back channel), and extend discussion outside of class. They also reported that students used Twitter to get up-to-date news and connect with professionals in their field. Students reported that microblogging encouraged students to "participate at a higher level". Because the posts cannot exceed 140 characters, students were required to express ideas, reflect, and focus on important concepts in a concise manner. Some students found this very beneficial. Other students did not like the character limit. Also, some students found microblogging to be overwhelming (information overload). The research indicated that many students did not actually participate in the discussions, "they just lurked".  

Likes Button on Facebook

The like button is a social networking feature, allowing users to express their appreciation of content such as status updates, comments, photos, and advertisements. It is also asocial plug-in of the Facebook Platform - launched on April 21, 2010 - that enables participating Internet websites to display a similar like button. Following the termination by the sheriff of Hampton, Virginia, US of employees who liked the Facebook page of an adversary, a federal appeals court in Virginia handed down a decision that the US Constitution protects the rights of us citizens to like any Facebook page of their choosing. US Circuit Judge William Traxler likened the practice to displaying a "political sign in one's front yard. ” Following a lengthy period of calls from the public to include a dislike button on the Facebook interface, Zuckerberg explained in a Q&A session on December 11, 2014, that his reticence was due to a concern about a tone of negativity on the platform-whereby users could "shame" others-and he offered the comment option for situations where people were unwilling to use the like function. However, he said, "We're [Facebook] thinking about it [dislike button]... It's an interesting question, " and said that he likes the idea of Facebook users being able to express a greater variety of emotions.

Videos.

Online video, especially dominant player Youtube, has enabled small businesses to reach customers in ways previously accessible only to large companies that could afford television ads, and allows them to form "brand channels", track viewer metrics, and provide instructional videos to reduce the need for costly customer support. Large companies "amortize" the large cost of their Super Bowl television commercials by trying to maximize post-game video plays. Youtube has focused on developing channels rather than creating content per se, the channels fragmenting the audience into niches in much the same way that decades earlier hundreds of niche-audience cable tv channels fragmented the audience previously dominated by the Big Three television networks. Based on YouTube's channel development plans, including Youtube Original Channels, journalist John Seabrook projected that "the niches will get nichier", with audiences being more engaged and much more quantifiable, enabling advertising to be more highly focused.